The Iris Diaphragm is located in the middle of the lens, when the diaphragm is wide open you get the maximum amount of light on the film or Digital Sensor, closing down the diaphragm reduces the amount of light on the film or Digital Sensor.
The opening in the diaphragm is called the Aperture and the size of the Aperture is indicated by a "f" number, f/1.4 is a very wide aperture that is great for Portrait Photography while f/22 is a very small aperture, great for Landscape/Scenic Photography.
This Video demonstrates very well the function of Shutter and Aperture, the Video is two minutes and twenty-two seconds long.
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